Category: Biblical Animals


Ravens

Ravens are described as being a “kind” or hebrew idea of “portion”  Lev 11;15; Deut 14:4 and as such represent a type of thinking or activity.  Prescribed as being unclean, the raven was placed alongside many other birds of prey and eaters of the dead. It is interesting to note that no provision was to be made for continuing remembrance for the dead by cutting of the flesh Deut 14:1, a feature later found in the contest of the prophets of Baal on mount Carmel 1Kings 18:28, immediately after the feeding of Elijah by ravens 1Kings 17:4 and a behaviour of the raven in stripping the flesh, and in particular the eyes, Prov 30:17.

A bird that goes “to and fro” through the earth Gen 8:7 like the opposing force of spiritual house of Job Job 1:7; 2:2 an avid association with the affairs and dealings of the merchant, whose keen observation of value would lead to making a “killing” by transport of goods. The raven wanders in this fashion in search of meat, unaware of the care and provision of deity  Job 38:41; Luke 12:24. The raven was not admitted again into the ark, whereas the dove was Gen 8:8. The dove found no rest for her feet, whereas it is implied that the raven found rest in an arena filled with carrion. This idea of selfish glutenous interest is continued in the english idea of “ravening” and described the inward motivation of personal greed within the Pharisee, who on the outside appeared clean Luke 11:39.

Men were designed to have dominion over the fowls of the air, and to place all things under their feet Gen 1:27; Ps 8:6. This personal dominion was demonstrated both nationally and militarily in the contest of Goliath who vowed to give David to the fowls of the air 1Sam 17:44 but in this contest, the demonstration of the power of deity was paramount, and was more than able to demonstrate His source of real dominion 1Sam 17:46.  The conquest of this dominion comes from a participation with deity. This was first demonstrated in Abraham who frayed the birds from an animal sacrifice Gen 15:11, but required the actions of Yahweh who completed the sacrifice while Abraham was asleep 15:12. This is the fundamental key to the provision of God for the needs of men: while asking for participation through a belief in the process, God provides a method that achieves His goals when men are demonstrated to be dependent and grateful for His provision. Israel as a nation refuted this covenant relationship Jer  34:17-22 and so were given over to the “fowls” at the time of Nebuchadnezzar; Jer 9:22 and later to the romans in AD70; Deut 28:26, and no man would fray them away Zech 1:2.

The raven most avidly represents a system which seeks to destroy covenants. The hebrew word for raven in Oreb, and is used as a proper noun for the leader of conquest against the people of God in the time of Gideon Judges 7:25; 8:3. Oreb became a representative leader when other leaders in their actions similar to their forebear are described as “like” Oreb  when they seek to take the house of God for their possession, Ps 83:11. But they are to become like stubble before the wind to demonstrate that only Yahweh is the most high with dominion over all the earth Ps 83:13,18. The dispersal of chaff is a feature of Armageddon where the chaff of the summer threshing-floor is dispersed by strong winds Dan 2:35. Armageddon itself carrying the idea of “sheaves” in a valley for judgment or threshing Rev 16:15. The time of barley harvest was demonstrated in the time of Gideon by a blown barley cake Judges 7:13. The process of the later day conquest was typically described in the prior events of the Assyrian overthrow and the slaughter of Midian at the rock of Oreb Isa 10:26. Both the overthrow of the Assyrian and the latter day Assyrian will be a time when Yahweh “lops the bough in terror and the high ones of stature are hewn down, and the proud humbled” Isa 10:33,34; Micah 5:5 there will be no place for every foul spirit and unclean and hateful bird Rev 18:2.

Following this area of international disaster, there will be provision for all nations [as represented by the unclean birds and beasts] to be accepted in worship of deity. Ravens will inhabit the previous place of destruction, and will be preserved because they “seek out of the book of Yahweh and read” Isa 34:11,16. Not one of them shall fail for Yahweh has cast a “portion” for them, and the wilderness will be glad for them  Isa 35:1. They will be converted people,while  once blind and deaf to the requirements of serving Elohim. 35:5, they will become a people whose sole desire is to say: “Come ye, and let us go up to the mountain of the LORD, to the house of the God of Jacob; and he will teach us of his ways, and we will walk in his paths: for out of Zion shall go forth the law, and the word of the LORD from Jerusalem” Isa 2:3.

Flies are given a place within the testimony of scripture. There are two words used for fly: ‘Zebub’, a generic term for fly or insect. Dead flies cause the (perfumes) to stink. Whereas the fly will cause corruption, perfumes were used for atonement and the sweet embalmment of the dead Ecc 10:1; Isa 7:18. A second word ‘Arob’ is used of swarms of flies, and used as a descriptor of the plague sent on the Egyptians Ex 8:21ff; Psa 78:45; 105:31 and thought to be a type of sand-fly causing inflammatory disease of particularly the eyelids. (SBD)

It is probable that the golden emrods and mice represented the effects of either lice or other biting insect that would rapidly transmit a disastrous plague on the Philistines, and memorialised in the tokens given in the altar,  Deut 28:27; 1 Sam 5:6,9,12; 6:4,5,11  Beelzebub (LXX Baal muian) was the lord of the fly and the dung-heap, the controller of disease, and god of the end of corruption of men following death. This god of the flies was one of the gods of the Philistines. Baalzebub or Beelzebub appears to be the chief of the gods: styled “chief of the devils” Luke 11:15; “master of the house” Matt 10:25. The dung-heap was the final place of complete annihilation, Ezra 6:11; Daniel 2:5; 3:29; Luke 14:35. If there was time to linger here waiting for the inevitable, it was the final call for repentance, because here men have no honour or personal virtues, 1 Sam 2:8; Lam 4:5; Psa 113:7.

Ahaziah was to fall through the lattice of his palace 2 Kings 1:2 a result of refusing the commandment to pray on the rooftop Deut 22:8. He was to enquire of the god of Ekron, called Baalzebub to which Elijah would send messengers to indicate that even Baalzebub the chief could not help his imminent departure to the dung-hill!  Ahaziah as chief would then send various groups of fifty (righteous), not unlike the number of the ecclesia of Lot Gen 18:26 and like Sodom, fire would come from heaven to consume them because there was no righteous among them. The third captain (3 the number of atonement: 3 coverings on the tabernacle etc) fell on his knees demonstrating a spirit different to the king and his previous messengers, and was so saved. The king had demonstrated his belligerent refusal to fall before Yahweh, and so was sentenced to death 1 Kings 1:16.

Christ indicates the same judgment of spirit within the Jews. His disciples were commissioned to preach, and before going over all the cities of Israel, Christ would come again to lead fiery judgment on the house, in the manner of Sodom and Gomorrah, Matt 10:23,15. Christ was to later cast spirits out and be accused of casting them out by Baalzebub, Matt 12:23.

Camels

Camels are an animal that carries or represents the truth in relation to gentiles. Even as the cherubim were vehicles of representation, from a root rechab to ride, and indicated in the invitation of Jehu to join a chariot, the camel represents the truth in gentile or apostate conveyance. It was after the refusal to preach the truth by Simeon and Levi to the gentiles [Gen 34],  that it appears that it was Simeon who was to send Joseph to Egypt.  This is apparent from the imprisonment of Simeon by Joseph in Gen 42:24. On his refusal to preach to Gentiles in Shechem, and refusal to bow to the spirit of his brother, Joseph was sent to Egypt with the Midianites Gen 37:25-28. (The deceitful spirit of Simeon and Levi reflected in a spirit of Judaism, and also a native form of Humanism that men had to keep laws (and be circumcised) became a biblical tradition carried into the first century ecclesia and beyond Acts 15:5 and styled the circumcision party Acts 10:45 RSV)

When the patriarchs were travelling to or from Haran there is frequent mention of camels see Gen 24; 30:43; 31:17,34; 32:7,15 etc.

The spirit of refusing to represent the truth to others was seen again in the apostacy of Simeon in Num 25, where again Simeon gave to the Midianites but on this occasion through the opposite form of humanism: licentiousness, Num 25:14-18. It is interesting to note that there were no camels in the booty of the conquest against the Midianites in Num 31, Simeon had not represented the truth!  God’s response to this apostacy is noteworthy:

  1. God will avenge His saints 31:3 rewarding those that cause trouble 25:6,14f Rev 18:20; Ps 149; Rev 6::10; Deut 33:43; Isa 49:25,26
  2. There will be no one with the spirit of Midian left Num 31:13-18; Isa 9:4
  3. Those who remain with be the purified Num 31:21-24; 1Cor 3:13-15 (purified by fire) Ephesian 5:26 (purified by water)

The following nations were noted for their camels:

  1. Midianites were particularly noted for their use of camels Judges 6:5; 7:12 and the killing of their leaders was noted to be the taking of ornaments from camel’s necks, Judges 8:21. Ornaments were taken off the (stiff-necks) of the children of Israel at Sinai, indicating that personal garments and ornaments were of no value when it came to covenant making, Ex 33:3-7.  But when men accept the words of Yahweh they are made into His ornaments, and are clothed in garments of salvation.
  2. The Amalekites, a nation with whom Yahweh has war for ever Ex 17:16, were also camel-keepers 1Sam 15:3; 27:9; cf 1Chron 4:42; 1Sam 30
  3. The Queen of Sheba 1Kings 10:2
  4. The Syrians 2Kings 8:9
  5. The sons of Ishmael 1Chron 5:19,21; 27:30
  6. The Ethiopians 2Chron 14:15
  7. Job’s family, living in the land of the east Job 1:3,17; 42:12

In the time of Asa there was a reform of the tribe of Simeon. The tribe had watched with amazement the lesson of Asa (healing) that Yahweh will work in circumstances that are humanly impossible (The largest opposing army in the bible 1,000,000 men!) but is clearly able to work when men represent his name 2Chron 14:11  The reason for the victory is reiterated by the spirit Oded (restorer) when in trouble men should turn to Yahweh, (there is no place for humanism) 2Chron 15:1-4.  Simeon was so impressed they turned from their exiled location with the ten tribes, a place where there was no true God (humanism), no teaching priest (Levi) and without law (Simeon) 15:3 and brought those of Ephraim and Manasseh (tribes representing the gentiles, born in Egypt) and strangers with them! 15:9 As a result there was the spoil of many sheep (atoned Israel) and camels, in abundance! 2Chron 14:15

This was but a foretaste of the future where the children of Israel will come from their diaspora back to the land, upon all manner of unclean animals, including swift beasts (camels?) Isa 66:18,20 This will be a time when Yahweh appeals to “all flesh” not purely Israel, and the truth of the covenant, once the domain of the Jewish constitution will be extended, and men out of all nations shall be brought as an offering carried on camels Isa 60:6 A time when apostate conveyance of the gospel will be abolished Zech 14:15.

The camel was an unclean animal under Jewish law. Camels are even-toed ungulates (that is they have even number of bones within the structure of their foot, and they are grazing animals) whereas horses are uneven-toed ungulates (odd number of toes, with a singular dominant toe/keratinised ossicle)

[image courtesy wiki-commons] The bone structure of a camel’s foot to the right. Note the comparison to pig (left) and deer (middle) So the structure of the foot is very similar, however the pad below the two toes is contiguous in the camel, and provides an important function for the animal: the ability to stand upright in soft sand. This feature however was to make it unsuitable in regards to the law as being a clean animal for eating, Lev 11:4; Deut 14:7. The camel’s foot when on casual observation looks from the front to be divided, but on lifting the foot the joining feature of the pad is clearly observed. (I remember clearly demonstrating this once to the chagrin of a camel at Palmyra who did not take kindly to having his foot lifted!) The camel then is a ruminant (chews the cud, in spiritual terms thinks about what he has read/heard) but divides not the hoof (does not see the need to make distinction where he places his foot) Both accepting and applying the message is important. Other things about camels that may be useful to know are: a camel although not as fast as a horse can maintain a speed for a much longer distance, and after a period of time greatly outstrip the distances covered. The mouth of a camel is particularly toxic. Bites from a camel are associated with septic wounds, and commonly, untreated camel bites lead to osteomyelitis (infections in the bones)  The milk of camels is said by bedu to increase the number of male offspring, and so in our travels in arab lands the story has been commonly recounted, and now on seeing the curiosity of our family having only boys, I will simply shrug and say “halib jamil” [camel milk!]. What else is there to say?

Leviticus 11 is a chapter that is concerned with eating 11:2; touching 11:24 and handling 11:32. This is referred to by Paul to the Colossians in Col 2:21. Paul tells us to make distinctions: If ye be dead Col 2:20 and If ye be risen 3:1. Dead men are noted for “will worship” 2:23 risen men are noted for “affection” 3:2. The real need for distinctions is not physical eating but affections!

The crocodile finds numerous references within the Bible. In antiquity the crocodile was noted particularly with the river Nile, and hence the incorporation into its scientific name. The Crocodile thus closely associated with the major supporter of fertility of the land of Egypt, and so it is no surprise to find the god of fertility Sobek in the form of the crocodile used by the Pharaoh as the progenitor and security of the people’s agricultural fortunes. Herodotus claimed that crocodiles were kept as well-kept pets in Egypt, and examples of eggs and mummified crocodiles have been found in Egyptian tombs.

In ancient times the crocodile was also found in Lake Moeris, [thought by some to be a parallel river to the Nile in very early Egyptian history] and in river Zarka or the Jabbok of the bible!

The Pharoah himself is equated with the crocodile by Ezekiel: ” Behold I (Yahweh) am against thee Pharaoh king of Egypt”, “the great dragon” that lieth in the midst of the streams” Ezek 29:3. Heb lit lengthened animal Isa 51:9; Ps 74:13. Here the crocodile lies as if it has control of its territory, but will die with the death of its river Isa 7:18. It’s attitude is The river is my own, I have made it for myself! Ezek 29:3. But God would make the rivers to dry up under the action of Nebuchadnezzar. In figure with the drying up of the river the exposed crocodile would become meat for the beasts and fowls Ezek 29:5.

Gazelle, Hinds, Zvi

There are two things about the Gazelle of the bible. One is their movement and the other is their attachment to rocks. Both have strong lessons for us. The word for gazelle in the bible is from a root word Zvi meaning to be beautiful. It carries the idea of the movement of the goats across the cliffs in what appears to be impossible footing. So Habakkuk would say that God would do the impossible for him. After being convinced there was no inherent righteousness within himself or the nation, (a nation that he had said could not die 1:12 that  was more righteous! 1:13) that a man was not upright but justified by his faith 2:4  he then sees God at work in his life in such beautiful ways that he describes it as hinds feet walking in (God’s) His high places 3:19.

The same idea is contained within the “darling” or the beautiful one. The act of Mary in anointing Jesus’ feet is described as being a “good” work. The greek has the idea of beautiful. When our kids ask why can’t we do something, the answer is: well is it beautiful? The bride of Christ is described as being beautiful on account of her movement with the groom. It is described as the dancing movement of two companies Song 6:13 whose beautiful feet have shoes on, not taken off like Moses and Joshua, Song 7:1. These are the beautiful feet carrying the gospel of God’s involvement in life, styled the gospel of Christ Rom 10 the roe that was lifted up on the mountain of Bether (division of pieces Jer 34:1,9; Gen 15:10 3x) Song 2:17  This was the lifting up of the prince the heave offering of Dan 8:11; Ex 19:18; Deut 33:19 but described in terms of the movement of the “turning” of the feet of the roe!

The other feature of the goat is their tendency to stick close to rocks. The cliff faces provide a unique environment where the movement of the goats are at their best. Few other animals venture into the cliffs, and the agility of the feet of the goat makes them safe. We are encouraged to look to the rock from whence we are digged Isa 51:1 and the certainty and safety of being within the covenants of promise is assuring. Our God is a Rock, and the term Tzur is translated as rock.

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